Salicicola: Massachusetts Vascular Plants

Native Plants Reported from Plymouth County, MA
Includes 1,025 species, subspecies, natural varieties, and natural hybrids
Source: Massachusetts County Checklist (2011, First Revision)

A reminder: No one should attempt propagation or installation of state-protected rare plants listed here as Endangered, Threatened, or of Special Concern (as well as Historic plants). Manipulating Watch-Listed plants is not prohibited; however, a good practice is to voluntarily report to NHESP any such manipulations, especially because the status of Watch-Listed plants may be eventually elevated to state-protected.

[Alternative View: Alphabetic List by Species—Including Some Species Present in Adjacent Counties]

Lycophytes — Clubmosses, Quillworts, Spikemosses

Huperziaceae — Firmoss Family

Huperzia

lucidula — shining clubmoss (Lycopodium lucidulum)

Isoetaceae — Quillwort Family

Isoetes

acadiensis — Acadian quillwort — Endangered

echinospora — spiny-spored quillwort

engelmannii — Engelmann's quillwort

tuckermanii — Tuckerman's quillwort

Lycopodiaceae — Clubmoss Family

Dendrolycopodium

obscurum — princess-pine or tree clubmoss (Lycopodium obscurum)

Diphasiastrum

digitatum — southern ground-cedar (Lycopodium complanatum var. flabelliforme)

tristachyum — slender ground-cedar, wiry ground-cedar (Lycopodium tristachyum)

Lycopodiella

appressa — southern bog clubmoss (Lycopodium appressum, L. inundatum var. bigelovii)

inundata — northern bog clubmoss (Lycopodium inundatum)

×copelandii — Copeland's clubmoss or bog clubmoss (Lycopodiella alopecuroides × L. appressa)

Lycopodium

clavatum — running clubmoss, common clubmoss

Spinulum

annotinum — stiff clubmoss (Lycopodium annotinum)

Selaginellaceae — Spikemoss Family

Selaginella

apoda — meadow spikemoss

rupestris — rock spikemoss — Watch-Listed

Monilophytes — Ferns and Horsetails

Aspleniaceae — Spleenwort Family

Asplenium

platyneuron — ebony spleenwort

Blechnaceae — Chainfern Family

Woodwardia

areolata — netted chain fern

virginica — Virginia chain fern

Dennstaedtiaceae — Hay-Scented Fern Family

Dennstaedtia

punctilobula — hayscented fern

Pteridium

aquilinum var. latiusculum — bracken fern

aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum — pine barrens bracken fern — Watch-Listed

Dryopteridaceae — Woodfern Family

Dryopteris

carthusiana — spinulose wood fern (Dryopteris spinulosa)

cristata — crested wood fern

intermedia — intermediate wood fern (Dryopteris spinulosa var. intermedia)

marginalis — marginal wood fern

×boottii — Boott's wood fern (Dryopteris cristata × D. intermedia)

×slossoniae — Slosson's wood fern (Dryopteris cristata × D. marginalis)

Polystichum

acrostichoides — Christmas fern

Equisetaceae — Horsetail Family

Equisetum

arvense — field horsetail, common horsetail

fluviatile — river horsetail

hyemale — scouring rush

sylvaticum — woodland horsetail

Onocleaceae — Sensitive Fern Family

Onoclea

sensibilis — sensitive fern

Ophioglossaceae — Adder's Tongue Fern Family

Botrychium

dissectum — dissected grapefern

matricariifolium — daisy-leaf moonwort — Watch-Listed

oneidense — blunt-lobed grapefern — Watch-Listed

tenebrosum — swamp moonwort (Botrychium simplex var. tenebrosum) — Watch-Listed

virginianum — rattlesnake fern

Ophioglossum

pusillum — adder's tongue fern (Ophioglossum vulgatum var. pseudopodum) — Threatened

Osmundaceae — Flowering Fern Family

Osmunda

claytoniana — interrupted fern

regalis — royal fern

Osmundastrum

cinnamomeum — cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea)

Polypodiaceae — Polypody Family

Polypodium

virginianum — rockcap fern or common polypody

×incognitum — hybrid polypody (Polypodium appalachianum × P. virginianum)

Pteridaceae — Maidenhair Fern Family

Adiantum

pedatum — northern maidenhair fern

Schizaeaceae — Curly-Grass Fern Family

Lygodium

palmatum — climbing fern — Special Concern

Thelypteridaceae — Marsh Fern Family

Parathelypteris

noveboracensis — New York fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis)

simulata — Massachusetts fern (Thelypteris simulata)

Phegopteris

connectilis — narrow beech fern (Thelypteris phegopteris)

hexagonoptera — broad beech fern (Thelypteris hexagonoptera)

Thelypteris

palustris — marsh fern

Woodsiaceae — Woodsia Fern Family

Athyrium

angustum — northern lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum)

Cystopteris

tenuis — MacKay's fragile fern or brittle fern (Cystopteris fragilis var. mackayi)

Deparia

acrostichoides — silvery spleenwort (Athyrium thelypteroides)

Woodsia

ilvensis — rusty woodsia

Gymnosperms — Conifers

Cupressaceae — Juniper Family

Chamaecyparis

thyoides — Atlantic white cedar

Juniperus

communis var. depressa — common juniper, pasture juniper

virginiana — eastern red cedar

Pinaceae — Pine Family

Larix

laricina — tamarack, American larch

Picea

mariana — black spruce

Pinus

rigida — pitch pine

strobus — white pine

Tsuga

canadensis — eastern hemlock

Taxaceae — Yew Family

Taxus

canadensis — Canada yew

Magnoliid Complex — Primitive Dicots

Ceratophyllaceae — Coontail Family

Ceratophyllum

demersum — hornwort, coontail

echinatum — forked coontail

Lauraceae — Laurel Family

Lindera

benzoin — spicebush

Sassafras

albidum — sassafras

Nymphaeaceae — Waterlily Family

Brasenia

schreberi — watershield

Nuphar

variegata — yellow waterlily, spatterdock

Nymphaea

odorata — American white waterlily, fragrant waterlily

Monocots

Alismataceae — Water-Plantain Family

Sagittaria

engelmanniana — acid-water arrowhead

filiformis — riffle arrowhead (Sagittaria stagnorum, S. subulata var. gracillima)

graminea var. graminea — grass leaf arrowhead

latifolia — common arrowhead

subulata — river arrowhead — Historic

teres — pondshore or terete arrowhead — Special Concern

Alliaceae — Leek Family

Allium

canadense — wild garlic

Araceae — Arum Family

Arisaema

stewardsonii — swamp Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum ssp. stewardsonii)

triphyllum — woodland Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema atrorubens, A. triphyllum ssp. triphyllum)

Calla

palustris — water-arum

Lemna

minor — common duckweed

perpusilla — tiny duckweed — Historic

valdiviana — pale duckweed — Historic

Orontium

aquaticum — golden club — Endangered

Peltandra

virginica — arrow-arum

Spirodela

polyrrhiza — greater duckweed

Symplocarpus

foetidus — skunk cabbage

Wolffiella

gladiata — sickle watermeal (Wolffiella floridana) — Watch-Listed

Colchiaceae — Autumn Crocus Family

Uvularia

sessilifolia — little merrybells

Cyperaceae — Sedge Family

Bolboschoenus

maritimus — seaside bulrush (Scirpus maritimus, S. paludosus var. atlanticus)

maritimus × B. robustus — seaside bulrush x saltmarsh bulrush

novae-angliae — long-spiked bulrush (Scirpus novae-angliae, S. cylindricus) — Watch-Listed

robustus — saltmarsh bulrush (Scirpus robustus)

Bulbostylis

capillaris — tufted hairsedge

Carex

abscondita — concealed sedge — Watch-Listed

alata — winged sedge

albicans var. emmonsii — Emmons' sedge (Carex emmonsii)

annectens — yellow-fruited fox sedge

appalachica — Appalachian sedge, spreading star sedge

argyrantha — silvery sedge

atlantica ssp. atlantica — Atlantic prickly sedge

atlantica ssp. capillacea — threadstem sedge (Carex howei)

billingsii — three-seeded bog sedge (Carex trisperma var. billingsii)

blanda — woodland sedge

bromoides — brome-like sedge

brunnescens — brownish sedge

bullata — button sedge

buxbaumii — Buxbaum's sedge — Watch-Listed

canescens ssp. disjuncta — silvery bog sedge

cephalophora — oval-headed sedge

communis — common sedge

comosa — bristly sedge

conoidea — field sedge

crinita — fringed sedge

cumulata — crowded sedge

debilis var. rudgei — northern stalked sedge

digitalis — slender wood sedge

echinata — prickly sedge (Carex angustior, C. cephalantha)

folliculata — long-culmed sedge

gracillima — slender drooping sedge

gynandra — northern awned sedge (Carex crinita var. gynandra)

haydenii — Hayden's sedge — Watch-Listed

hormathodes — saltmarsh straw sedge

intumescens — bladder or swamp sedge

lacustris — marsh sedge, lakeside sedge

laevivaginata — smoothed-sheath sedge

lasiocarpa ssp. americana — slender woolly-fruited sedge (Carex lanuginosa)

laxiculmis — spreading woodland sedge

laxiflora — loose-flowered woodland sedge

leptalea — delicate sedge

longii — Long's sedge

lucorum — long-beaked Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica var. distans)

lupulina — hop sedge

lurida — sallow sedge

muhlenbergii — Muhlenberg's sedge

muhlenbergii var. enervis — smooth Muhlenberg's sedge

nigra — black sedge

paleacea — saltmarsh sedge

pallescens — pale sedge

pellita — broad-leaved woolly-fruited sedge (Carex lanuginosa)

pensylvanica — Pennsylvania sedge

polymorpha — variable sedge — Endangered

retroflexa — reflexed sedge

rosea — big star sedge (Carex convoluta)

scabrata — eastern rough sedge

scoparia — broom sedge

seorsa — swamp prickly sedge

silicea — seabeach sedge

stipata — awl-fruited sedge

straminea — straw sedge

striata — Walter's sedge (Carex walteriana) — Endangered

stricta — tussock sedge

swanii — Swan's sedge

tenera — slender straw sedge

tonsa — stiff-leaved sand sedge, shaved sedge (Carex rugosperma var. tonsa)

tonsa var. rugosperma — sand sedge (Carex rugosperma var. rugosperma, C. umbellata sensu Fern.)

tribuloides — blunt broom sedge

utriculata — swollen-beak sedge (Carex rostrata var. utriculata)

vesicaria — inflated sedge

vestita — velvet-fruited sedge

virescens — ribbed sedge

viridula — little green sedge — Watch-Listed

vulpinoidea — fox sedge (Carex setacea)

Cladium

mariscoides — twig-sedge

Cyperus

bipartitus — shining flatsedge (Cyperus rivularis)

dentatus — pondshore flatsedge

diandrus — red-edged flatsedge

erythrorhizos — redroot flatsedge

esculentus — yellow flatsedge

filicinus — fern flatsedge (Cyperus polystachyos var. filicinus)

grayi — Gray's flatsedge

lupulinus ssp. lupulinus — slender sand flatsedge (Cyperus filiculmis var. filiculmis)

lupulinus ssp. macilentus — sand flatsedge (Cyperus filiculmis var. macilentus)

odoratus — saltmarsh flatsedge (Cyperus ferruginescens) — Watch-Listed

polystachyos — Texas flatsedge (Cyperus polystachyos var. texensis) — Watch-Listed

strigosus — straw-colored flatsedge

Dulichium

arundinaceum — three-way sedge

Eleocharis

acicularis — needle spike-rush

elliptica — orange-fruited spike-rush

flavescens var. olivacea — olive spike-rush (Eleocharis olivacea)

melanocarpa — black-fruited spike-rush — Watch-Listed

obtusa — soft-stemmed spike-rush

palustris — marsh spike-rush (Eleocharis smallii)

parvula — dwarf spike-rush

robbinsii — Robbins' spike-rush

rostellata — saltmarsh spikerush, beaked spikerush — Watch-Listed

tenuis — slender spike-rush

tenuis var. pseudoptera — slender spike-rush (Eleocharis capitata var. pseudoptera, E. elliptica var. pseudoptera) — Historic

tuberculosa — tubercled spike-rush

uniglumis — saline spike-rush, one-glumed spike-rush (Eleocharis halophila)

Eriophorum

tenellum — rough cotton-grass

vaginatum — hare's tail cotton-grass (Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum, E. spissum)

virginicum — Virginia cotton-grass

Fimbristylis

autumnalis — northern fimbry

Fuirena

pumila — annual umbrella-sedge — Watch-Listed

Lipocarpha

micrantha — dwarf bulrush (Hemicarpha micrantha) — Threatened

Rhynchospora

alba — white beak-rush

capitellata — brown beak-rush

fusca — sooty beak-rush

inundata — narrow-fruited beaksedge, inundated horned sedge — Threatened

macrostachya — big-headed horned sedge

nitens — short-beaked baldsedge — Threatened

scirpoides — long-beaked baldsedge — Special Concern

torreyana — Torrey's beaksedge — Endangered

Schoenoplectus

americanus — saltmarsh threesquare (Scirpus americanus, S. olneyi)

pungens — common threesquare (Scirpus pungens, S. americanus auct. non Pers.)

purshianus — Pursh's bulrush (Scirpus purshianus)

smithii — Smith's clubsedge (Scirpus smithii)

subterminalis — water bulrush, floating bulrush (Scirpus subterminalis)

tabernaemontani — soft-stemmed bulrush (Scirpus tabernaemontani, S. validus)

torreyi — Torrey's bulrush (Scirpus torreyi) — Watch-Listed

Scirpus

atrocinctus — black-girdled woolsedge, dusky woolgrass

cyperinus — common bulrush

georgianus — black bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens var. georgianus)

hattorianus — meadow bulrush

longii — Long's bulrush — Endangered (Status Changed after 2011)

microcarpus — red-stemmed bulrush (Scirpus rubrotinctus)

Scleria

reticularis — pondshore nutsedge — Watch-Listed

Dioscoreaceae — Yam Family

Dioscorea

villosa — wild yam — Watch-Listed

Eriocaulaceae — Pipewort Family

Eriocaulon

aquaticum — pipewort, white buttons (Eriocaulon septangulare)

parkeri — Parker's pipewort — Endangered

Haemodoraceae — Bloodwort Family

Lachnanthes

caroliana — redroot — Special Concern

Hydrocharitaceae — Tapegrass Family

Elodea

nuttallii — Nuttall's waterweed

Najas

flexilis — common naiad

gracillima — slender naiad

Vallisneria

americana — tapegrass, water celery

Hypoxidaceae — Stargrass Family

Hypoxis

hirsuta — yellow stargrass

Iridaceae — Iris family

Iris

prismatica — slender blueflag — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

versicolor — northern blueflag

Sisyrinchium

angustifolium — stout blue-eyed-grass

atlanticum — eastern blue-eyed-grass

montanum — meadow blue-eyed grass

Juncaceae — Rush Family

Juncus

acuminatus — sharp-fruited rush

anthelatus — Wiegand's rush (Juncus tenuis var. anthelatus)

arcticus — brackish rush (Juncus balticus var. littoralis)

articulatus — jointed rush

bufonius — toad rush

canadensis — marsh or Canada rush

dichotomus — forked rush (Juncus platyphyllus)

effusus — common rush (Juncus effusus var. solutus)

gerardii — saltmarsh rush

greenei — Greene's rush

marginatus — grassleaf rush

militaris — bayonet rush

pelocarpus — pondshore rush

pylaei — Pylaie's soft rush (Juncus effusus var. pylaei, J. effusus var. costulatus)

secundus — secund rush

tenuis — path rush, yard rush

Luzula

multiflora — common woodrush

Juncaginaceae — Arrowgrass Family

Triglochin

maritima — saltmarsh arrow-grass

Liliaceae — Lily Family

Clintonia

borealis — bluebead lily

Erythronium

americanum — trout-lily

Lilium

canadense — Canada lily, wild yellow lily

philadelphicum — wood lily

superbum — Turk's cap lily

Medeola

virginiana — Indian cucumber-root

Melanthiaceae — Trillium Family

Trillium

cernuum — nodding trillium

undulatum — painted trillium

Veratrum

viride — false hellebore

Nartheciaceae — Asphodel Family

Aletris

farinosa — colic-root — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Orchidaceae — Orchid Family

Arethusa

bulbosa — dragon's mouth — Threatened

Calopogon

tuberosus — grass-pink — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Corallorhiza

maculata — spotted coralroot

trifida — pale or early coralroot

Cypripedium

acaule — pink lady's slipper

Goodyera

pubescens — downy rattlesnake-plantain

tesselata — checkered rattlesnake-plantain

Isotria

verticillata — large whorled pogonia — Watch-Listed

Liparis

loeselii — green twayblade — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Platanthera

blephariglottis — white fringed orchid (Habenaria blephariglottis) — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

ciliaris — yellow or orange fringed orchid (Habenaria ciliaris) — Historic

clavellata — green woodland orchid (Habenaria clavellata)

flava var. herbiola — pale green orchid (Habenaria flava var. herbiola) — Threatened

grandiflora — large purple fringed orchid (Habenaria fimbriata) — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

lacera — ragged fringed orchid (Habenaria lacera)

orbiculata — round-leaved orchid (Habenaria orbiculata) — Watch-Listed

psycodes — small purple-fringed orchid (Habenaria psycodes)

Pogonia

ophioglossoides — rose pogonia

Spiranthes

cernua — nodding ladies' tresses

lacera var. lacera — slender ladies' tresses

tuberosa — little ladies' tresses — Watch-Listed

Poaceae — Grass Family

Agrostis

hyemalis — southern ticklegrass

perennans — upland bentgrass (Agrostis altissima)

scabra — northern ticklegrass

Alopecurus

aequalis — short-awned foxtail

Ammophila

breviligulata — dune grass

Andropogon

gerardii — big bluestem

glomeratus — bunched broomsedge

virginicus — Virginia broomsedge

Anthoxanthum

nitens — Indian sweetgrass (Hierochloe odorata)

Aristida

dichotoma — poverty grass

longespica — barrens needlegrass (Aristida intermedia)

purpurascens — purple needle-grass — Threatened

tuberculosa — seebeach needle-grass — Threatened

Brachyelytrum

aristosum — woodgrass (Brachyelytrum septentrionale, B. erectum var. septentrionale)

Bromus

ciliatus — fringed brome (Bromus canadensis)

Calamagrostis

canadensis — Canada bluejoint

cinnoides — reed bluejoint (Calamagrostis coarctata)

pickeringii — Pickering's reedgrass — Endangered

Cenchrus

longispinus — common sandbur

Cinna

arundinacea — common woodreed

Danthonia

compressa — trail oatgrass

spicata — wild oatgrass, poverty grass

Deschampsia

flexuosa — common hairgrass

Dichanthelium

acuminatum ssp. columbianum — downy panic grass (Dichanthelium columbianum, Panicum columbianum)

acuminatum ssp. fasciculatum — fascicled panic grass (Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum, Panicum lanuginosum var. fasciculatum, P. subvillosum)

acuminatum ssp. implicatum — pondshore panic grass (Panicum meridionale, P. oricola)

acuminatum ssp. spretum — smooth panic grass (Dichanthelium spretum, Panicum spretum)

boreale — northern panic grass (Panicum boreale)

clandestinum — deertongue (Panicum clandestinum)

commutatum — changeable panic grass (Panicum commutatum)

depauperatum — depauperate panic grass (Panicum depauperatum)

dichotomum — forked panic grass (Panicum dichotomum)

dichotomum ssp. mattamuskeetense — Mattamuskeet panic grass (Dichanthelium mattamuskeetense, Panicum mattamuskeetense) — Endangered

dichotomum ssp. microcarpon — tiny-fruited panic grass (Dichanthelium microcarpon, Panicum microcarpon)

latifolium — broad-leaved panic grass (Panicum latifolium)

linearifolium — linear-leaved panic grass (Panicum linearifolium)

oligosanthes — Scribner's panic grass (Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum, Panicum oligosanthes var. scribnerianum)

sphaerocarpon — round-fruited panic grass

wrightianum — Wright's panic grass (Panicum wrightianum) — Special Concern

Digitaria

filiformis — slender crabgrass

Distichlis

spicata — seashore saltgrass

Echinochloa

muricata — cockspur grass, barnyard grass

walterii — Walter's cockspur

Elymus

hystrix — bottlebrush grass (Hystrix patula)

villosus — hairy wild rye — Endangered

virginicus var. virginicus — wild rye

virginicus var. halophilus — saltmarsh wild rye

Eragrostis

capillaris — lace lovegrass — Watch-Listed

pectinacea — tufted lovegrass

spectabilis — purple lovegrass

Festuca

rubra ssp. pruinosa — coastal red fescue

subverticillata — nodding fescue (Festuca obtusa)

Glyceria

acutiflora — sharp-scaled mannagrass

canadensis — rattlesnake grass

grandis — tall mannagrass (Glyceria maxima ssp. grandis)

obtusa — coastal mannagrass

septentrionalis — eastern floatgrass

striata — fowlmeadow grass

Leersia

oryzoides — rice cutgrass

virginica — white cutgrass

Muhlenbergia

capillaris — hairgrass — Historic

frondosa — wirestem muhly

glomerata — marsh muhly

mexicana — satingrass

schreberi — nimblewill

uniflora — pondshore muhly

Oryzopsis

asperifolia — spreading ricegrass

Panicum

capillare — witchgrass

dichotomiflorum — fall panic grass

dichotomiflorum var. puritanorum — Swenson's panic grass

philadelphicum — Philadelphia panic grass — Special Concern

rigidulum ssp. rigidulum — flat-stemmed panic grass (Panicum agrostoides, Coleataenia longifolia ssp. rigidula)

rigidulum subsp. pubescens — long-leaved panic grass (Panicum longifolium, Coleataenia longifolia ssp. longifolia) — Threatened

verrucosum — warty panic grass

virgatum — switchgrass (Panicum virgatum var. spissum, P. virgatum var. cubense)

Paspalum

setaceum var. muhlenbergii — Muhlenberg's bead grass

setaceum var. psammophilum — sand bead grass (Paspalum psammophilum) — Watch-Listed

setaceum var. setaceum — small-fruited bead grass — Watch-Listed

Piptatherum

pungens — little ricegrass (Oryzopsis pungens)

Piptochaetium

avenaceum — black oatgrass (Stipa avenacea) — Watch-Listed

Poa

palustris — fowl-meadow grass

Puccinellia

maritima — seaside alkali-grass

pumila — northern alkali-grass — Historic

Schizachyrium

scoparium — little bluestem (Andropogon scoparium)

Setaria

parviflora — bristly foxtail (Setaria geniculata) — Special Concern

Sorghastrum

nutans — Indian grass

Spartina

alterniflora — saltwater cordgrass

cynosuroides — big cordgrass — Threatened

patens — salt-hay

pectinata — freshwater or prairie cordgrass

×caespitosa — tufted cordgrass (Spartina patens × S. pectinata) (Spartina patens × S. pectinata)

Sphenopholis

intermedia — slender wedgegrass (Sphenopholis obtusata var. major)

Sporobolus

cryptandrus — sand dropseed — Watch-Listed

vaginiflorus — poverty grass

Torreyochloa

pallida var. pallida — pale mannagrass (Glyceria pallida, Puccinellia pallida)

pallida var. fernaldii — slender mannagrass (Torreyochloa fernaldii, Glyceria fernaldii, Puccinellia fernaldii)

Triplasis

purpurea — purple sandgrass

Tripsacum

dactyloides — northern gamagrass — Endangered

Vulpia

octoflora var. tenella — six-weeks fescue (Vulpia octoflora var. glauca, Festuca octoflora var. tenella)

Zizania

aquatica — wild rice

Pontederiaceae — Pickerelweed Family

Pontederia

cordata — pickerelweed

Potamogetonaceae — Pondweed Family

Potamogeton

amplifolius — big-leaved pondweed

berchtoldii — Berchtold's pondweed, slender tiny pondweed (Potamogeton pusillus var. tenuissimus)

bicupulatus — hairlike pondweed (Potamogeton capillaceus)

confervoides — alga pondweed — Threatened

epihydrus — surface pondweed, ribbonleaf pondweed

foliosus — leafy pondweed

gramineus — grassleaf pondweed

natans — floating pondweed

oakesianus — Oakes' pondweed

perfoliatus — clasping pondweed

pulcher — spotted pondweed

robbinsii — Robbins' pondweed

spirillus — northern snailseed pondweed

Stuckenia

pectinata — sago false pondweed, sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus)

Ruppiaceae — Widgeongrass Family

Ruppia

maritima — ditch-grass, widgeon-grass

Ruscaceae — Solomon's Seal Family

Maianthemum

canadense — Canada mayflower

racemosum — false Solomon's seal (Smilacina racemosa)

stellatum — starry Solomon's seal (Smilacina stellata)

trifolium — three-leaved false Solomon's seal (Smilacina trifolia) — Watch-Listed

Polygonatum

pubescens — hairy Solomon's seal

Smilacaceae — Brier Family

Smilax

glauca — sawbrier, wild sarsaparilla

herbacea — carrion-flower

rotundifolia — catbrier, bullbrier

Typhaceae — Cattail Family

Sparganium

americanum — common bur-reed

emersum — green-fruited bur-reed (Sparganium chlorocarpum)

eurycarpum — giant bur-reed

Typha

latifolia — broad-leaved cattail

Xyridaceae — Yellow-Eyed Grass Family

Xyris

difformis — bog yellow-eyed grass

smalliana — quagmire yellow-eyed grass — Watch-Listed

torta — twisted yellow-eyed grass

Zannichelliaceae — Horned Pondweed Family

Zannichellia

palustris — horned pondweed

Zosteraceae — Eelgrass Family

Zostera

marina — eelgrass

Eudicota (Tricolpates)

Adoxaceae — Viburnum Family, Moschatel Family

Sambucus

nigra ssp. canadensis — common elderberry (Sambucus canadensis)

racemosa — red-berried elderberry (Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens)

Viburnum

acerifolium — maple-leaf viburnum

dentatum var. lucidum — northern arrowwood (Viburnum recognitum)

lantanoides — hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium)

lentago — nannyberry, sweet viburnum

nudum var. cassinoides — wild raisin, witherod (Viburnum cassinoides)

Amaranthaceae — Amaranth Family

Amaranthus

cannabinus — saltmarsh hemp

Atriplex

cristata — seabeach orache (Atriplex pentandra, A. arenaria)

glabriuscula — prostrate orache — Watch-Listed

littoralis — seaside orache (Atriplex patula var. littoralis)

prostrata — halberd-leaf orache

subspicata — saline orache (Atriplex patula var. subspicata) — Historic

Chenopodium

berlandieri var. macrocalycium — seabeach pigweed (Chenopodium macrocalycium)

pratericola — white pigweed

rubrum — coast-blite, red goosefoot — Historic (Status Changed after 2011)

simplex — maple-leaf goosefoot (Chenopodium gigantospermum, C. hybridum var. gigantospermum) — Watch-Listed

Salicornia

ambigua — perennial glasswort (Salicornia virginica auct. non L.)

bigelovii — dwarf glasswort

depressa — annual glasswort (Salicornia europaea auct. non L.)

Suaeda

calceoliformis — American sea-blite (Suaeda americana) — Special Concern

linearis — erect sea-blite

maritima ssp. maritima — saltmarsh sea-blite

maritima ssp. richii — Rich's sea-blite (Suaeda richii) — Watch-Listed

Anacardiaceae — Sumac Family, Cashew Family

Rhus

copallinum — flameleaf sumac, winged sumac

glabra — smooth sumac

hirta — staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina)

Toxicodendron

radicans — poison ivy (Rhus radicans)

vernix — poison sumac (Rhus vernix)

Apiaceae — Parsley Family, Carrot Family

Angelica

lucida — seaside angelica — Watch-Listed

Aralia

hispida — bristly sarsaparilla

nudicaulis — wild sarsaparilla

racemosa — American spikenard

Cicuta

bulbifera — bulblet water-hemlock

maculata — water-hemlock

Heracleum

maximum — cow parsnip (Heracleum lanatum)

Hydrocotyle

americana — swamp pennywort, woodland pennywort

umbellata — pondshore pennywort

Ligusticum

scothicum — Scotch lovage, sea lovage

Lilaeopsis

chinensis — lilaeopsis — Watch-Listed

Osmorhiza

longistylis — aniseroot

Panax

trifolius — dwarf ginseng

Ptilimnium

capillaceum — Mock Bishop's weed

Sanicula

canadensis — Canadian black snakeroot or Canadian sanicle — Threatened

Sium

suave — water parsnip

Zizia

aurea — golden alexanders

Apocynaceae — Dogbane Family

Apocynum

androsaemifolium — spreading dogbane

cannabinum — Indian hemp

×floribundum — hybrid dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium × A. cannabinum, A. ×medium)

Asclepias

amplexicaulis — clasping milkweed — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

exaltata — tall milkweed

incarnata ssp. pulchra — downy swamp milkweed

quadrifolia — four-leaved milkweed

syriaca — common milkweed

tuberosa — butterfly milkweed — Watch-Listed

verticillata — whorled milkweed — Threatened

Aquifoliaceae — Holly Family

Ilex

glabra — inkberry

laevigata — smooth winterberry

mucronata — catberry (Nemopanthus mucronatus)

opaca — American holly

verticillata — common winterberry

Asteraceae — Aster Family, Composite Family

Ageratina

aromatica — aromatic boneset (Eupatorium aromaticum) — Endangered

Ambrosia

artemisiifolia — annual ragweed

trifida — giant ragweed

Anaphalis

margaritacea — pearly everlasting (Gnaphalium margaritaceum)

Antennaria

howellii ssp. canadensis — Canadian pussytoes (Antennaria canadensis)

howellii ssp. neodioica — Greene's pussytoes (Antennaria neodioica var. grandis, A. neodioica var. chlorophylla, A. neodioica var. attenuata)

howellii ssp. petaloidea — field pussytoes (Antennaria neodioica ssp. petaloidea, A. petaloidea)

neglecta — pussytoes

parlinii ssp. fallax — broad-leaved pussytoes (Antennaria fallax, A. brainerdii, A. munda)

plantaginifolia — plantain-leaved pussytoes

Artemisia

campestris — seaside wormwood

Baccharis

halimifolia — sea-myrtle

Bidens

cernua — nodding bur-marigold

connata — swamp beggar-ticks

discoidea — small beggar-ticks

frondosa — beggar-ticks

hyperborea — estuary beggar-ticks — Endangered

laevis — smooth marigold

trichosperma — northern tickseed sunflower (Bidens coronata)

vulgata — tall beggar-ticks

Cirsium

discolor — field thistle

horridulum — yellow thistle — Watch-Listed

muticum — swamp thistle

pumilum — pasture thistle

Coreopsis

rosea — pink tickseed — Watch-Listed

Doellingeria

umbellata — tall flat-topped white aster (Aster umbellatus)

Erechtites

hieraciifolius — fireweed, pilewort

hieraciifolius var. megalocarpus — seaside pilewort (Erechtites megalocarpus) — Watch-Listed

Erigeron

annuus — eastern daisy fleabane

canadensis — horseweed, hogweed (Conyza canadensis, Conyza canadensis var. pusilla)

philadelphicus — Philadelphia fleabane

pulchellus — robin's plantain fleabane

strigosus var. strigosus — rough fleabane (Erigeron strigosus var. beyrichii, E. strigosus var. discoideus)

Eupatorium

hyssopifolium — hyssop-leaved boneset

novae-angliae — New England boneset, pondshore boneset (Eupatorium leucolepis var. novae-angliae) — Endangered

perfoliatum — boneset, thoroughwort

pilosum — rough boneset, verbena boneset (Eupatorium rotundifolium var. saundersii)

pubescens — hairy boneset (Eupatorium rotundifolium var. ovatum)

sessilifolium — upland boneset

Eurybia

divaricata — white wood aster (Aster divaricatus)

macrophylla — large-leaved aster (Aster macrophyllus)

radula — rough aster (Aster radula) — Watch-Listed

spectabilis — showy aster (Aster spectabilis)

×herveyi — cartpath aster (Eurybia macrophylla × E. spectabilis, Aster ×herveyi)

Euthamia

caroliniana — coastal plain slender goldenrod (Euthamia tenuifolia, Solidago tenuifolia)

graminifolia — common flat-topped goldenrod (Solidago graminifolia)

Eutrochium

dubium — Atlantic Joe-Pye-weed (Eupatorium dubium)

fistulosum — hollow-stemmed Joe-Pye-weed (Eupatorium fistulosum)

purpureum — sweet Joe-Pye-weed (Eupatorium purpureum)

Gamochaeta

purpurea — purple cudweed — Endangered

Gnaphalium

uliginosum — low cudweed

Helianthus

divaricatus — woodland sunflower

strumosus — harsh sunflower

Hieracium

gronovii — Gronovius' hawkweed

paniculatum — woodland hawkweed

scabrum — rough hawkweed

umbellatum — Canada hawkweed (Hieracium canadense, H. kalmii)

venosum — rattlesnake weed

×marianum — Maryland hawkweed (Hieracium gronovii × H. venosum)

Ionactis

linariifolia — stiff aster, spruce aster (Aster linariifolius)

Iva

frutescens — hightide bush, saltmarsh elder (Iva frutescens ssp. oraria)

Krigia

virginica — dwarf dandelion

Lactuca

biennis — wild blue lettuce

canadensis — yellow wild lettuce

×morssii — Morss' wild lettuce (Lactuca biennis × L. canadensis)

Liatris

novae-angliae — New England blazing star (Liatris scariosa var. novae-angliae, L. borealis) — Special Concern

Mikania

scandens — climbing hempvine

Nabalus

serpentarius — lion's foot, rattlesnake root (Prenanthes serpentaria) — Endangered

trifoliolatus — gall-of-the-earth (Prenanthes trifoliolata)

Oclemena

acuminata — whorled wood aster (Aster acuminatus)

×blakei — Blake's aster (Aster ×blakei, Oclemena acuminata x O. nemoralis)

Packera

aurea — golden ragwort (Senecio aureus)

paupercula — balsam ragwort (Senecio pauperculus)

Pityopsis

falcata — sickle-leaved golden aster (Chrysopsis falcata)

Pluchea

odorata var. succulenta — saltmarsh fleabane

Pseudognaphalium

macounii — clammy cudweed (Gnaphalium macounii) — Watch-Listed

obtusifolium — sweet everlasting, fragrant cudweed (Gnaphalium obtusifolium)

Sericocarpus

asteroides — toothed white-topped aster (Aster paternus, A. asteroides, Conyza asteroides)

linifolius — narrow-leaved white-topped aster (Conyza linifolia, Aster solidagineus)

Solidago

aestivalis — sphagnum goldenrod (Solidago rugosa var. sphagnophila)

altissima — tall goldenrod (Solidago canadensis var. scabra)

bicolor — silverrod, white goldenrod

caesia — wreath goldenrod, bluestem goldenrod

canadensis — Canada goldenrod

flexicaulis — zigzag goldenrod

gigantea — smooth goldenrod, late goldenrod

juncea — early goldenrod

latissimifolia — Elliott's goldenrod (Solidago elliottii var. ascendens)

nemoralis — gray goldenrod

odora — licorice goldenrod, sweet goldenrod

puberula — downy goldenrod

rugosa var. aspera — rough goldenrod, barrens goldenrod (Solidago aspera)

rugosa var. rugosa — rough-stemmed goldenrod (Solidago rugosa var. villosa, S. villosa)

sempervirens — seaside goldenrod

speciosa — showy goldenrod — Watch-Listed

uliginosa — swamp goldenrod (Solidago purshii)

ulmifolia — elm-leaf goldenrod

×asperula — goldenrod (Solidago rugosa × S. sempervirens)

Symphyotrichum

concolor — eastern silvery aster (Aster concolor) — Endangered

cordifolium — blue heartleaf aster (Aster cordifolius)

dumosum — long-stalked aster (Aster dumosus var. coridifolius, A. dumosus var. subulifolius)

dumosum × S. racemosum — long-stalked aster × white oldfield aster

ericoides — heath white aster

lanceolatum — tall white or panicled aster (Aster lanceolatus, A. simplex)

lateriflorum — calico aster (Aster lateriflorus, A. vimineus)

novae-angliae — New England aster (Aster novae-angliae)

novi-belgii — New York aster (Aster novi-belgii var. novi-belgii)

patens — clasping aster, skydrops (Aster patens var. patens)

pilosum var. pilosum — white oldfield aster (Aster pilosus var. pilosus)

pilosum var. pringlei — Pringle's aster (Aster pilosus var. pringlei, A. pringlei)

puniceum — bristly aster, swamp aster (Aster puniceus var. puniceus, A. puniceus var. firmus)

racemosum — smooth white oldfield aster

subulatum — annual saltmarsh aster (Aster subulatus var. subulatus)

tenuifolium — perennial saltmarsh aster (Aster tenuifolius)

undulatum — clasping hartleaf aster (Aster undulatus)

Vernonia

noveboracensis — New York ironweed

Xanthium

strumarium L. var. canadense — cocklebur, clotbur (Xanthium echinatum, X. italicum)

Balsaminaceae — Touch-Me-Not Family

Impatiens

capensis — jewelweed

Betulaceae — Birch Family

Alnus

incana ssp. rugosa — speckled alder (Alnus rugosa, A. rugosa var. americana)

serrulata — smooth alder, common alder

Betula

alleghaniensis — yellow birch (Betula lutea)

lenta — sweet birch, cherry birch, black birch

papyrifera — paper birch

populifolia — gray birch

Carpinus

caroliniana — ironwood, hornbeam

Corylus

americana — American hazelnut

cornuta — beaked hazelnut

Ostrya

virginiana — eastern hop-hornbeam

Boraginaceae — Borage Family

Mertensia

maritima — oysterleaf — Endangered

Myosotis

laxa — smaller forget-me-not

verna — early or spring scorpion-grass

Brassicaceae — Cabbage Family, Mustard Family

Boechera

canadensis — sickle-pod (Arabis canadensis)

Cakile

edentula — sea rocket

Cardamine

longii — Long's bittercress — Endangered

parviflora — narrow-leaved bittercress

pensylvanica — common or Pennsylvania bittercress

Lepidium

virginicum — Virginia pepperweed

Rorippa

palustris var. fernaldiana — marsh yellowcress (Rorippa islandica ssp. fernaldiana)

Campanulaceae — Bluebell Family

Lobelia

cardinalis — cardinalflower

dortmanna — water lobelia

inflata — Indian tobacco

spicata — pale spiked lobelia

Triodanis

perfoliata — Venus' looking-glass (Specularia perfoliata)

Cannabaceae — Hemp Family

Celtis

occidentalis — common hackberry

Caprifoliaceae — Honeysuckle family

Diervilla

lonicera — bush-honeysuckle

Linnaea

borealis — twinflower — Special Concern (Status Changed after 2011)

Triosteum

aurantiacum — wild coffee

perfoliatum — perfoliate horse-gentian — Endangered

Caryophyllaceae — Pink Family

Cerastium

arvense — field chickweed

Honckenya

peploides ssp. robusta — seabeach sandwort (Arenaria peploides var. robusta)

Moehringia

lateriflora — grove sandwort (Arenaria lateriflora)

Silene

antirrhina — sleepy catchfly

Spergularia

marina — saltmarsh sand spurrey (Spergularia salina)

Stellaria

alsine — seep starwort

Celastraceae — Bittersweet Family

Celastrus

scandens — American bittersweet — Threatened (Status Changed after 2011)

Cistaceae — Rockrose Family

Crocanthemum

bicknellii — hoary rockrose (Helianthemum bicknellii)

canadense — longbranch frostweed (Helianthemum canadense)

dumosum — bushy rockrose (Helianthemum dumosum) — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

propinquum — low frostweed, low rockrose (Helianthemum propinquum)

Hudsonia

ericoides — pinebarren golden heather

ericoides × H. tomentosa — pinebarren golden heather × woolly beach heather

tomentosa — woolly beach heather

Lechea

intermedia — largepod pinweed

maritima — beach pinweed

minor — thymeleaf pinweed — Watch-Listed

mucronata — hairy pinweed (Lechea villosa)

pulchella var. pulchella — Leggett's pinweed (Lechea leggettii)

tenuifolia — slender pinweed

Clethraceae — Pepperbush Family

Clethra

alnifolia — sweet pepperbush

Convolvulaceae — Bindweed Family

Calystegia

sepium ssp. americana — wild morning glory (Convolvulus sepium var. americanus)

Cuscuta

cephalanthi — buttonbush dodder

compacta — dense or compact dodder

coryli — pondshore dodder — Watch-Listed

gronovii — common dodder

indecora — collared dodder — Historic

Cornaceae — Dogwood Family

Benthamidia

florida — flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)

Chamaepericlymenum

canadense — bunchberry, dwarf cornel (Cornus canadensis)

Nyssa

sylvatica — tupelo, black gum

Swida

alternifolia — pagoda dogwood, alternate-leaved dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)

amomum var. amomum — silky dogwood (Cornus amomum ssp. amomum)

racemosa — gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa, C. foemina ssp. racemosa)

rugosa — round-leaved dogwood, talus dogwood (Cornus rugosa)

Crassulaceae — Orpine Family, Pygmyweed Family

Crassula

aquatica — shore pygmy-weed (Tillaea aquatica) — Threatened

Cucurbitaceae — Gourd Family

Echinocystis

lobata — wild cucumber, prickly cucumber

Sicyos

angulatus — one-seeded burr cucumber

Droseraceae — Sundew Family

Drosera

filiformis — threadleaf sundew

intermedia — spoonleaf or spatulate-leaf sundew

rotundifolia — roundleaf sundew

Elatinaceae — Waterwort Family

Elatine

americana — American waterwort (Elatine triandra var. americana) — Endangered

minima — lesser waterwort

Ericaceae — Heath Family

Arctostaphylos

uva-ursi — bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ssp. coactilis)

Chamaedaphne

calyculata — leatherleaf, cassandra (Cassandra calyculata var. angustifolia)

Chimaphila

maculata — striped pipsissewa, spotted wintergreen

umbellata ssp. cisatlantica — pipsissewa

Corema

conradii — broom-crowberry — Watch-Listed

Epigaea

repens — trailing arbutus, mayflower

Eubotrys

racemosa — swamp sweetbells (Leucothoe racemosa)

Gaultheria

hispidula — creeping snowberry

procumbens — wintergreen, checkerberry, eastern teaberry

Gaylussacia

baccata — black huckleberry

bigeloviana — bog huckleberry (Gaylussacia dumosa var. bigeloviana)

frondosa — blue huckleberry, dangleberry

Hypopitys

monotropa — pinesap, false beechdrops (Monotropa hypopithys)

Kalmia

angustifolia — sheep laurel

latifolia — mountain laurel

Lyonia

ligustrina — maleberry

Moneses

uniflora — one-flowered shinleaf — Special Concern (Status Changed after 2011)

Monotropa

uniflora — Indian pipe

Pyrola

americana — round-leaved shinleaf, glossy shinleaf (Pyrola rotundifolia var. americana)

chlorantha — green-flowered shinleaf (Pyrola virens)

elliptica — elliptic shinleaf

Rhododendron

canadense — rhodora

periclymenoides — pink azalea (Rhododendron nudiflorum) — Watch-Listed

viscosum — swamp azalea

Vaccinium

angustifolium — lowbush blueberry

caesariense — New Jersey highbush blueberry

corymbosum — highbush blueberry

fuscatum — black highbush blueberry (Vaccinium atrococcum)

macrocarpon — American cranberry, large cranberry

oxycoccos — small cranberry

pallidum — hillside blueberry, dryland blueberry (Vaccinium vacillans)

Euphorbiaceae — Spurge Family

Acalypha

rhomboidea — three-seeded mercury (Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea)

virginica — Virginia three-seeded mercury — Watch-Listed

Euphorbia

maculata — spotted spurge (Chamaesyce maculata, Euphorbia supina)

polygonifolia — seaside spurge (Chamaesyce polygonifolia)

Fabaceae — Pea Family

Amphicarpaea

bracteata — hog-peanut

Apios

americana — groundnut

Baptisia

tinctoria — yellow wild indigo, horsefly weed

Chamaecrista

fasciculata — partridge pea (Cassia fasciculata)

nictitans — wild sensitive plant (Cassia nictitans)

Crotalaria

sagittalis — rattlebox

Desmodium

canadense — showy ticktrefoil

ciliare — hairy small-leaved ticktrefoil

marilandicum — Maryland or smooth small-leaved ticktrefoil

obtusum — stiff tickrefoil (Desmodium rigidum)

paniculatum — panicled ticktrefoil

sessilifolium — sessile-leaved ticktrefoil — Historic

Hylodesmum

glutinosum — cluster-leaved ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)

nudiflorum — naked ticktrefoil (Desmodium nudiflorum)

Lathyrus

japonicus var. maritimus — beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus var. pellitus)

palustris — vetchling, marsh pea — Watch-Listed

Lespedeza

angustifolia — narrow-leaved bush-clover — Watch-Listed

capitata — round-headed bush-clover

hirta — hairy bush-clover

stuevei — Stueve's bush-clover — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

violacea — wand bush-clover (Lespedeza intermedia)

virginica — slender bush-clover

×brittonii — Britton's bush-clover (Lespedeza procumbens × L. virginica)

×nuttallii — Nuttall's bush-clover (Lespedeza hirta × L. violacea)

Lupinus

perennis — wild lupine — Watch-Listed

Senna

hebecarpa — northern wild senna (Cassia hebecarpa) — Endangered

Strophostyles

helvola — beach bean

Tephrosia

virginiana — goat's rue — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Fagaceae — Beech Family

Castanea

dentata — American chestnut

Fagus

grandifolia — American beech

Quercus

alba — white oak

bicolor — swamp white oak

coccinea — scarlet oak

ilicifolia — scrub oak, bear oak

montana — chestnut oak (Quercus prinus)

prinoides — dwarf chestnut oak

rubra — northern red oak

velutina — black oak

Gentianaceae — Gentian Family

Bartonia

paniculata — panickled screwstem — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

virginica — screwstem

Gentiana

andrewsii — Andrews' bottle gentian — Endangered

Gentianopsis

crinita — fringed gentian (Gentiana crinita)

Sabatia

campanulata — slender marsh-pink — Endangered

kennedyana — Plymouth gentian — Special Concern

Geraniaceae — Geranium Family, Cranesbill Family

Geranium

carolinianum — Carolina cranesbill

maculatum — wild geranium

robertianum — herb-Robert

Grossulariaceae — Gooseberry Family, Currant Family

Ribes

hirtellum — swamp gooseberry

Haloragaceae — Watermilfoil Family

Myriophyllum

humile — lowly watermilfoil

pinnatum — pinnate watermilfoil (Myriophyllum scabratum) — Special Concern

tenellum — leafless watermilfoil

Proserpinaca

palustris — mermaid-weed

pectinata — cut-leaved mermaid-weed

Hamamelidaceae — Witch-Hazel Family

Hamamelis

virginiana — American witch-hazel

Hypericaceae — St. John's-Wort Family

Hypericum

boreale — northern dwarf St. John's-wort

canadense — Canadian St. John's-wort

ellipticum — pale St. John's-wort

gentianoides — orange grass, pineweed

majus — larger Canadian St. John's-wort

mutilum — dwarf St. John's-wort

punctatum — spotted St. John's-wort

×dissimulatum — Bicknell's St. John's-wort (Hypericum boreale x H. canadense)

Triadenum

virginicum — marsh St. John's-wort (Hypericum virginicum)

Juglandaceae — Walnut Family

Carya

cordiformis — bitternut hickory, swamp hickory

glabra — pignut hickory

ovata — shagbark hickory

tomentosa — mockernut hickory (Carya alba)

Juglans

cinerea — butternut — Watch-Listed

Lamiaceae — Mint Family

Lycopus

americanus — American water-horehound

amplectens — pondshore water-horehound, sessile water-horehound — Watch-Listed

rubellus — stalked water horehound, swamp water horehound — Endangered

uniflorus — tuberous water-horehound

virginicus — Virginia water-horehound, floodplain water-horehound

Mentha

canadensis — American field mint (Mentha arvensis var. villosa)

Prunella

vulgaris ssp. lanceolata — American heal-all

Pycnanthemum

incanum — hoary mountain mint

muticum — short-toothed mountain mint

tenuifolium — slender-leaved mountain mint

virginianum — Virginia mountain mint

Scutellaria

galericulata — marsh scullcap, common scullcap

integrifolia — hyssop skullcap — Historic

lateriflora — mad-dog skullcap, blue skullcap

Stachys

hispida — hispid hedgenettle (Stachys tenuifolia var. hispida, S. tenuifolia var. platyphylla)

hyssopifolia — hyssop hedgenettle — Watch-Listed

pilosa var. pilosa — American hedgenettle (Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa) — Historic

Teucrium

canadense var. canadense — American germander, saltmarsh germander (Teucrium canadense var. virginicum)

Trichostema

dichotomum — forked bluecurls

Lentibulariaceae — Bladderwort Family

Utricularia

cornuta — horned bladderwort, naked bladderwort

geminiscapa — twin-scaped bladderwort

gibba — humped bladderwort (Utricularia biflora)

intermedia — northern bladderwort, flat-leaved milfoil

macrorhiza — common bladderwort, great bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris var. americana, U. vulgaris ssp. macrorhiza)

purpurea — purple bladderwort

radiata — small floating bladderwort (Utricularia inflata var. minor)

resupinata — resupinate bladderwort — Threatened

subulata — slender, subulate, or zigzag bladderwort — Special Concern

Linaceae — Flax Family

Linum

intercursum — sandplain flax — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

medium var. texanum — Texan flax — Threatened

virginianum — Virginia yellow flax

Linderniaceae — False Pimpernel Family

Lindernia

dubia var. anagallidea — false pimpernel (Lindernia anagallidea)

dubia var. dubia — false pimpernel (Lindernia dubia var. riparia, L. dubia var. inundata)

Lythraceae — Loosestrife Family

Decodon

verticillatus — swamp loosestrife, waterwillow

Malvaceae — Mallow Family

Hibiscus

moscheutos — swamp mallow (Hibiscus palustris)

Tilia

americana — basswood, American linden

Melastomataceae — Melastoma Family

Rhexia

virginica — northern meadowbeauty, wingstem meadowpitchers

Menyanthaceae — Bogbean Family, Buckbean Family

Menyanthes

trifoliata — bogbeans

Nymphoides

cordata — floating heart

Myricaceae — Waxmyrtle Family

Comptonia

peregrina — sweetfern

Morella

pensylvancia — bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica)

Myrica

gale — sweet gale

Myrsinaceae — Myrsine Family, Starflower Family

Lysimachia

borealis — American starflower (Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis)

ciliata — fringed loosestrife

hybrida — narrow-leaved loosestrife

maritima — sea milkwort (Glaux maritima)

quadrifolia — whorled loosestrife

terrestris — swamp candles

thyrsiflora — tufted loosestrife

×producta — whorled loosestrife x swamp candles (Lysimachia quadrifolia × L. terrestris)

Oleaceae — Olive Family

Fraxinus

americana — white ash

nigra — black ash

pennsylvanica — green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima)

Onagraceae — Evening Primrose Family

Chamaenerion

angustifolium — great willowherb, fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium angustifolium)

Circaea

alpina — small enchanter's nightshade

canadensis — enchanter's nightshade (Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis, C. quadrisulcata var. canadensis)

Epilobium

ciliatum — glandular willowherb (Epilobium glandulosum var. adenocaulon)

coloratum — eastern willowherb, purple-leaved willowherb

leptophyllum — narrow-leaved willowherb

palustre — marsh willowherb

strictum — downy willowherb

Ludwigia

palustris — water purslane, mud loosestrife (Ludwigia palustris var. americana)

sphaerocarpa — round-fruited seedbox — Endangered

Oenothera

biennis — common evening primrose

oakesiana — Oakes' evening primrose (Oenothera cruciata var. stenopetala, O. parviflora var. oakesiana)

parviflora — small-flowered evening primrose

perennis — little sundrops

Orobanchaceae — Broomrape Family

Agalinis

maritima — saltmarsh false foxglove (Gerardia maritima)

paupercula — small-flowered false foxglove (Gerardia paupercula, G. purpurea var. paupercula)

purpurea — purple false foxglove (Gerardia purpurea)

tenuifolia — slender false foxglove (Gerardia tenuifolia)

Aureolaria

flava — smooth false foxglove (Gerardia flava)

pedicularia — fernleaf yellow false foxglove (Gerardia pedicularia)

virginica — downy false foxglove (Gerardia virginica)

Castilleja

coccinea — scarlet painted cup — Historic

Epifagus

virginiana — beech-drops

Melampyrum

lineare — cowwheat (Melampyrum lineare var. latifolium, M. lineare var. pectinatum, M. lineare var. americanum)

Orobanche

uniflora — one-flowered cancer-root, ghost pipe

Pedicularis

canadensis — wood-betony, Canadian lousewort, common lousewort

Oxalidaceae — Woodsorrel Family

Oxalis

dillenii ssp. dillenii — showy yellow woodsorrel

stricta — common yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis europaea, O. fontana)

Papaveraceae — Poppy Family

Capnoides

sempervirens — pale corydalis or rock-harlequin (Corydalis sempervirens)

Penthoraceae — Ditch Stonecrop Family

Penthorum

sedoides — ditch stonecrop

Phrymaceae — Lopseed Family

Mimulus

ringens — long-stalked monkey-flower

Phytolaccaceae — Pokeweed Family

Phytolacca

americana — pokeweed

Plantaginaceae — Plantain Family

Callitriche

heterophylla — variable water-starwort

Chelone

glabra — white turtlehead

Gratiola

aurea — golden hedgehyssop

neglecta — mud or clammy hedgehyssop

Nuttallanthus

canadensis — blue toadflax, old-field toadflax (Linaria canadensis)

Plantago

intermedia — saltmarsh plantain (Plantago major var. intermedia, P. major var. scopulorum)

maritima — seaside plantain (Plantago oliganthos, P. juncoides var. decipiens)

pusilla — dwarf plantain — Watch-Listed

rugelii — American plantain

Veronica

americana — American brooklime (Veronica beccabunga var. americana)

peregrina ssp. peregrina — purslane speedwell, neckweed

scutellata — marsh speedwell, narrow-leaved speedwell

Platanaceae — Planetree Family

Platanus

occidentalis — sycamore or American plane tree

Plumbaginaceae — Leadwort Family

Limonium

carolinianum — sea lavender

Polygalaceae — Milkwort Family

Polygala

cruciata — cross-leaved milkwort

nuttallii — Nuttall's milkwort — Watch-Listed

polygama — racemed milkwort, bitter milkwort

sanguinea — purple milkwort, common milkwort

verticillata — whorled milkwort — Watch-Listed

Polygonaceae — Buckwheat Family

Fallopia

cilinodis — fringed bindweed (Polygonum cilinode)

cristata — winged bindweed (Polygonum scandens var. cristatum, P. cristatum)

scandens — climbing false buckwheat (Polygonum scandens)

Persicaria

amphibia — erect water smartweed (Polygonum amphibium var. emersum, P. coccineum)

arifolia — halberdleaf tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium var. pubescens)

careyi — Carey's smartweed (Polygonum careyi)

hydropiperoides — false water-pepper (Polygonum hydropiperoides)

lapathifolia — nodding smartweed (Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium)

pensylvanica — pinkweed, Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum)

punctata — dotted smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)

puritanorum — pondshore smartweed (Polygonum puritanorum) — Special Concern

robustior — big water-smartweed, coarse smartweed (Polygonum robustius, P. punctatum var. majus)

sagittata — arrowleaf tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum)

setacea — swamp smartweed (Polygonum setaceum var. interjectum) — Threatened

Polygonum

articulatum — jointweed (Polygonella articulata)

buxiforme — boxleaf knotweed (Polygonum aviculare var. littorale)

erectum — erect knotweed

ramosissimum var. prolificum — saltmarsh knotweed (Polygonum prolificum)

ramosissimum var. ramosissimum — saltmarsh or bushy knotweed (Polygonum exsertum)

tenue — rock knotweed — Watch-Listed

Rumex

britannica — great water dock (Rumex orbiculatus)

pallidus — seabeach dock, white dock — Threatened

verticillatus — swamp dock, water dock — Threatened

Primulaceae — Primrose Family

Hottonia

inflata — featherfoil — Watch-Listed

Ranunculaceae — Buttercup Family

Actaea

pachypoda — doll's eyes, white baneberry

rubra — red baneberry

Anemone

americana — blunt-lobed liverleaf (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa, H. americana)

quinquefolia — wood anemone, windflower

virginiana — thimbleweed

Aquilegia

canadensis — wild columbine, red columbine

Caltha

palustris — marsh marigold

Clematis

virginiana — virgin's-bower

Coptis

trifolia — three-leaf goldthread (Coptis groenlandica, C. trifolia ssp. groenlandica)

Ranunculus

abortivus — kidney-leaved buttercup, small-flowered crowfoot

aquatilis var. diffusus — white water crowfoot

cymbalaria — seaside crowfoot

flabellaris — yellow water crowfoot

pensylvanicus — bristly buttercup — Special Concern

recurvatus — hooked crowfoot

Thalictrum

dioicum — early meadowrue

pubescens — tall meadowrue (Thalictrum pubescens var. hebecarpum, T. polygamum)

revolutum — waxy-leaved meadowrue

thalictroides — rue-anemone (Anemonella thalictroides)

Rhamnaceae — Buckthorn Family

Ceanothus

americanus — New Jersey tea

Rosaceae — Rose Family

Agrimonia

gryposepala — common agrimony, woodland agrimony

Amelanchier

canadensis — thicket shadbush, eastern serviceberry, juneberry

laevis — smooth shadbush (Amelanchier arborea var. laevis)

nantucketensis — Nantucket shadbush — Watch-Listed

spicata — running serviceberry, running shadbush (Amelanchier stolonifera)

Argentina

egedii ssp. groenlandica — saltmarsh silverweed (Potentilla egedii var. groenlandica)

Aronia

melanocarpa — black chokeberry (Photinia melanocarpa)

×floribunda — purple chokeberry (Aronia ×prunifolia, Photinia floribunda, Aronia arbutifolia x A. melanocarpa)

Crataegus

coccinea — scarlet hawthorn (Crataegus pedicellata)

macracantha — long-thorned hawthorn (Crataegus succulenta var. macracantha)

macrosperma — large-seeded hawthorn (Crataegus roanensis)

pruinosa — frosted hawthorn

Fragaria

virginiana — wild strawberry

Geum

canadense — white avens

Potentilla

canadensis — dwarf cinquefoil

norvegica — three-finger, strawberryweed

simplex — common cinquefoil

Prunus

maritima — beach plum

pensylvanica — pin cherry, fire cherry

serotina — black cherry

susquehanae — sand cherry (Prunus pumila var. susquehanae)

virginiana — chokecherry

Rosa

carolina — Carolina rose, pasture rose

nitida — shiny rose, New England rose

palustris — swamp rose

virginiana — Virginia rose, low rose

Rubus

allegheniensis — Allegheny blackberry, common blackberry

arenicola — New England sand blackberry

argutus — serrate blackberry

enslenii — southern dewberry (Rubus sempervirens)

flagellaris — northern dewberry

flagellaris × R. frondosus — northern dewberry x leafy blackberry

hispidus — bristly dewberry

hispidus × R. semisetosus — bristly dewberry x bog blackberry

idaeus ssp. strigosus — wild red raspberry (Rubus idaeus var. canadensis, R. strigosus, R. idaeus ssp. sachalinensis)

jaysmithii — Smith's blackberry

occidentalis — black raspberry

pensilvanicus — highbush blackberry

pubescens — swamp dewberry, dwarf raspberry

semisetosus — bog blackberry

semisetosus × R. setosus — bog blackberry x bristly blackberry

setosus — bristly blackberry

vermontanus — Vermont blackberry

Sibbaldiopsis

tridentata — three-toothed cinquefoil (Potentilla tridentata)

Spiraea

alba var. latifolia — meadowsweet (Spiraea latifolia)

tomentosa — steeplebush

Rubiaceae — Bedstraw Family, Coffee Family, Madder Family

Cephalanthus

occidentalis — common buttonbush

Galium

aparine — cleavers

asprellum — rough bedstraw

circaezans — wild licorice

obtusum — bluntleaf marsh bedstraw or large marsh bedstraw

palustre — common marsh bedstraw

pilosum — hairy bedstraw

tinctorium — Clayton's marsh bedstraw

triflorum — woodland bedstraw

Houstonia

caerulea — bluets (Hedyotis caerulea)

longifolia — long-leaved bluets (Houstonia purpurea var. longifolia, Hedyotis longifolia) — Endangered

Mitchella

repens — partridgeberry

Salicaceae — Willow Family

Populus

grandidentata — bigtooth aspen

tremuloides — trembling aspen

Salix

bebbiana — Bebb's willow

discolor — large pussy willow

eriocephala — heartleaf willow (Salix rigida, S. cordata)

humilis — prairie willow, upland willow

lucida — shining willow

nigra — black willow

occidentalis — dwarf upland willow (Salix humilis var. microphylla, S. tristis, S. humilis var. tristis)

pedicellaris — bog willow — Watch-Listed

petiolaris — slender willow, meadow willow (Salix gracilis)

sericea — silky willow

×conifera — hybrid of pussy and upland willow (Salix discolor × humilis)

Santalaceae — Sandalwood Family

Comandra

umbellata — bastard toadflax

Sapindaceae — Soapberry Family, Maple Family

Acer

rubrum — red maple

saccharinum — silver maple

saccharum — sugar maple

Sarraceniaceae — Pitcherplant Family

Sarracenia

purpurea — purple pitcherplant

Saxifragaceae — Saxifrage Family

Chrysosplenium

americanum — golden saxifrage, water-carpet

Micranthes

pensylvanica — swamp saxifrage (Saxifraga pensylvanica)

virginiensis — early saxifrage (Saxifraga virginiensis)

Scrophulariaceae — Figwort Family

Limosella

australis — Atlantic mudwort (Limosella subulata) — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Scrophularia

lanceolata — American figwort

Solanaceae — Nightshade Family

Physalis

grisea — strawberry-tomato (Physalis pruinosa auct. non L., P. pubescens var. grisea)

heterophylla — clammy ground-cherry

Solanum

ptychanthum — eastern black nightshade (Solanum americanum auct. non P. Miller)

Theophrastaceae — Water-Pimpernel Family

Samolus

valerandi — water pimpernel (Samolus parviflorus)

Ulmaceae — Elm Family

Ulmus

americana — American elm, white elm

Urticaceae — Nettle Family

Boehmeria

cylindrica — false nettle, bog hemp

Pilea

pumila — clearweed, richweed

Urtica

dioica ssp. gracilis — slender stinging nettle

Verbenaceae — Vervain Family

Verbena

hastata — blue vervain, common vervain

urticifolia — white vervain

Violaceae — Violet Family

Viola

blanda — large-leaved white violet (Viola incognita)

brittoniana — northern coastal violet, Britton's violet (Viola atlantica, V. pedatifida ssp. brittoniana) — Threatened

cucullata — marsh blue violet

labradorica — American dog violet (Viola conspersa)

lanceolata — bog white violet, lanceleaf violet

pallens — northern white violet (Viola macloskeyi ssp. pallens)

pedata — birdsfoot violet

primulifolia — primrose-leaf violet

pubescens — downy yellow violet (Viola pensylvanica)

rotundifolia — roundleaf violet

sagittata — ovate-leaved violet, arrowleaf violet (Viola fimbriatula)

sororia — common blue violet (Viola papilionacea, Viola septentrionalis)

Vitaceae — Grape Family

Parthenocissus

quinquefolia — Virginia creeper

vitacea — thicket creeper, grape woodbine (Parthenocissus inserta)

Vitis

aestivalis — summer grape

aestivalis var. bicolor — silver-leaved grape (Vitis aestivalis var. argentifolia)

labrusca — fox grape

Notes & Disclaimer
      Taxonomic treatments constantly change. A few changes took place during the years passed from the publication of the Checklist 2011, so current approaches to species may sometimes deviate from those in the Checklist. Some names had been missing from the 2011 Checklist and were recognized later, for example, at least some records of Amelanchier laevis from Plymouth County must belong to Amelanchier x intermedia (a hybrid of Amelanchier laevis and A. canadensis). In fact all records at Salicicola from Plymouth County belong to the latter species and not to Amelanchier laevis. It is quite possible that Amelanchier laevis is not present in Plymouth County.
      Changes in understanding the scope of certain species may affect their state-protected status. For example, prior to publication of the Checklist 2011, the understanding of Nantucket shadbush Amelanchier nantucketensis had been changed. It was decided that inland populations of a shrub formerly treated as a separate species Amelanchier x micropetala actually belonged to A. nantucketensis previously known from just Cape Cod and the Islands. The change involved the treatment of Plymouth populations as well as the population in the Blue Hills Reservation and resulted in adding many new occurrences to the range of A. nantucketensis. Consequently, the species lost its state-protected status. At Salicicola we disagree with this decision: we believe lumping A. x micropetala and A. nantucketensis was not enough justified; Nantucket shadbush must retain its protected status. However, this list depicts the currently lowered (Watch-Listed) status of the shrub along with the concept of its presence in Plymouth County.
      Additional changes in comparison with the Checklist 2011:
* The spelling/style of common names has been unified, typos noticed in the Checklist corrected.
* The following species have been excluded from the list of native plants:
Aronia arbutifolia (according to the study undertaken by Bryan Connolly (PhD Thesis, 2014), it does not occur in coastal New England, existing records appearing to be mis-identifications);
Typha angustifolia (now treated as not native in Massachusetts, or even invasive: [1], [2], etc.);
Salsola kali (both ssp. kali and ssp. pontica are non-native, according to the Flora of North America).

Generated Feb. 10, 2021, 5:14 p.m. (UTC) — Draft #1.0.7 [revno 35+]